Construction project quality objectives set and achieve process that requires systematic and effective application of quality management and quality control of the basic principles and methods of the project through the construction of quality responsibility of all participants and functions of the implementation of activities to achieve.
(a) control the quality of the relationship between management and quality control
a quality management: ①, in accordance with the evaluate the effect of its work and improve the range of work. ②, according to the quality management concept, the organization must establish a quality management system through the implementation of quality management. Among them, the quality policy is to organize the quality of top management objectives,UGG bailey button, business philosophy and values reflected. Under the guidance of the quality policy, through the organization's quality manual, procedures, management of documents, quality records of the development, and implementation of the system through the organization, management and resource allocation, quality activities such as the division of responsibilities and authority defined, the formation of organizational quality management system, operation mechanism.
Second, the quality control: ①, under series of related activities. As the quality requirements of the construction project by the owners (or investors, the legal person) proposed that the quality of construction projects overall objective is intended by the owners of the construction project planning, including project definition and construction scale, system structure, functions and values, quality standards, specifications and objectives of the planning decision-making position to determine. Therefore, the construction project quality control, engineering survey and design, bidding, construction and installation, in various stages of completion and acceptance of, the per capita stakeholders should be committed to meet the requirements of owners around the quality of the overall goal to start. ②, committed to quality control by a series of related activities, including operational and technical activities and management activities. The quality of products or services produced in the final analysis is the process by the direct formation of operating techniques. Therefore, the correct method of operation technology choice and the role of technological capabilities into full play, this is the point of quality control efforts, including technical and management aspects. Must be recognized, organizations, or persons with relevant technical capacity of the operation, only qualified product or service output of the premise of quality in the community under conditions of mass production, only through scientific management, operational and technical activities of the organization and coordination process to be fully operational technical capacity to achieve the desired quality goals. ③, quality management, quality control is part of, but not all. Difference between the two concepts are different, the range of different functions and roles are different. Quality control is a clear quality objectives and have the condition, action programs and resource allocation through the planning, implementation, inspection and supervision of quality goals prior pre-control, things in control and after the correction control, to achieve the desired quality objectives system processes.
(b) be familiar with quality management
First, quality management PDCA cycle: in the long-term production practice and theoretical study of the formation of the PDCA cycle, is to establish a quality system of quality management and the establishment of the basic principles. PDCA cycle, from the perspective of practice theory, the management is to determine the mission objectives, and in accordance with the principles of PDCA cycle to achieve the desired objectives. Each loop around to achieve the desired objectives, the planning, implementation, inspection and disposal activities, with the overcoming of problems to solve and improve, and continuously enhance the quality and capacity, improve quality levels. A cycle of four interrelated activities, functions, together constitute a quality management system process.
①, Plan P: quality management program functions, including determine or define the quality objectives and develop action programs to achieve quality objectives in two ways. Practice shows that the rigorous quality plan well, the economy is reasonable and practicable, is to ensure the quality of work, product quality and quality of service preconditions.
quality construction project plans, by project stakeholders in project implementation in accordance with its commitments in the mandate, responsibility and quality objectives, quality plan and the formation of separate quality planning system, including construction unit project quality plan, including the identification and demonstration of the quality of the overall project objectives by the project quality management organization, systems, procedures, methods and requirements. Other parties to the project stakeholders, the contract is based on the engineering quality standards and responsibilities, define their quality goals, based on the scope of quality management developed and implemented appropriate action plan, including technical methods, business processes, resource allocation, inspection and testing requirements , quality record mode, failure processing, management measures and practices of the specific content of the quality management documents, but also achieve the desired objectives of its feasibility, validity, analysis of economic rationality argument, and in accordance with prescribed procedures and permissions After approval of the Executive.
②, implementation of the D: is the quality of the implementation of the functions of target, through the factors of production inputs, the role of technical activities and outputs of the process of converting the quality of the actual value. To ensure the quality of the output or the formation to achieve the expected results, before the implementation of the various quality activities, quality management plan according to the deployment and tests, action programs; tests, intended to make specific operators and managers a clear intent of the plan and requirements, quality control standards and implement procedures and methods. Quality activities in the implementation process, the demanding program of action, normative behavior, the quality management plan and the arrangements for the implementation of the provisions of the allocation of resources to specific activities and operations technology.
③, check the C: refers to the process of implementation of the scheme for various tests, including the operator of the self, mutual inspection and full-time managers the seizure. Various types of inspection are also included in two areas: First, check whether strict implementation of the plan of action, the actual conditions are changed, the reasons for non-implementation of the plan; the second is to check the results of implementation of the plan, that is whether the quality of the output standards, this confirmation and evaluation.
④, disposal A: For the quality check of the quality problems found in the Department of compliance or quality, timely analysis of causes, to take the necessary measures to correct and maintain quality of the project formation process control. The disposition of correction and prevention to improve two aspects. The former is to take emergency measures to address the quality of the current bias, problems or accidents; the latter is proposed that the present quality of information and feedback management, reflection crux of the problem or the plan's poor planning, identify improvement goals and measures for similar problems in future Quality Prevention for reference.
Second, total quality management (TQC) thought: TQC that total quality management, its basic principle is to emphasize the highest in the business or organization under the guidance of quality management to achieve a comprehensive, whole process and full involved in quality management.
TQC is based on the main features for the purpose of customer satisfaction; leadership in the development of quality policy and objectives; to promote prevention, scientific management, so to speak with the data. In today's promulgation of the International Organization for Standardization ISO9000-2000 quality management system standards, embody the characteristics of these important ideas. Construction project quality management, the same should implement the following three full management ideas and methods.
①, all-round quality management: the overall quality of construction project management, is the construction project undertaken by the various stakeholders in the general quality management project, including engineering (product) quality and quality of work overall management. Quality of work product quality assurance, quality of work directly affects the quality of products formed. Owners, supervision units, reconnaissance units, design units, construction units of the total package, construction subcontractors, material and equipment suppliers, either negligence or neglect of any link does not place responsibility for quality construction will result in quality.
②, the whole process of quality management: quality of the project is based on the formation of laws, from the source, the whole process forward. GB/T19000 emphasis on quality management Therefore, we must grasp the identification process and the application of the The main processes: project planning and decision-making process; survey and design process; construction procurement process; construction organization and preparation; test and measurement equipment, process control; construction inspection and testing process of production; quality of the project evaluation process; project completion acceptance and delivery process; engineering service processes a return visit.
③, full participation in quality management: total quality management in accordance with the idea of each department within the organization and job quality are borne by the corresponding functions of the organization's top managers to determine the quality policy and objectives, should be organized and mobilized all the staff involved in the implementation of quality system activities to play a role in their roles. To carry out full participation in quality management is an important goal is to use management tools, the quality of the organization to decompose the total target level by level, and make it a top-down decomposition system and quality objectives and the quality goals under the guarantee system. Play within the system per job, organization, department or team in achieving the overall goal of quality role in the process.
(c) understanding of quality control
the basic principles of quality control of the whole process is the use of comprehensive quality management ideas and principles of dynamic control, the quality of the pre-pre-control, things in control and after the correction control.
a prior quality control: that the quality requirements of careful advance planning, including quality planning, management system, post setting, the functions of the various quality activities, including technical and management activities to establish operations in a full capacity,UGG boots cheap, condition assurance and operational mechanism of the foundation. For construction projects, especially the quality of pre-construction phase control, is through the quality of construction projects or construction design or construction project management, implementation of the plan-making process, the use of the means of management by objectives, the implementation of project quality prior pre-control, otherwise known as the quality of pre-control plan.
advance the quality of pre-control organizations must give full play to the overall technical and management advantages, the long form of advanced technology, management methods and experience the wisdom and creativity applied to the project.
advance the quality of pre-control requirements for quality control of the object control objectives, activities, conditions and factors detailed analysis to identify weak links in the development of effective control measures and countermeasures.
Second, a matter of quality control: quality control of things in the course of work activities, also known as quality control, quality activities is the subject of self-control and monitoring of the control of others. Self-control is the first, that work in the job quality activities during the conduct of their own constraints and technical capacity to play, to complete the assignments scheduled quality objectives; others who monitor the quality of work is the active process and results received from internal managers and external interested parties from business inspection and examination, such as project supervision, government monitoring of quality supervision departments. Matter of quality control procedures aim to ensure quality standards, to prevent mass incidents.
can be seen, the key is to enhance the quality awareness, to play the operator self-restraint, self-control, that adhere to quality standards is essential, other controls are necessary to add, not the former or the latter replaced the former are not correct. Therefore, effective quality control process, it is to create a mechanism and process control activities.
Third, after quality control: quality control, also known as ex post facto, so that no unqualified products into the process or after the procedure, not into the market. After the task of quality control results were evaluated on the quality of activities, identification; to correct the deviation of process quality; for corrective actions and deal with substandard products.
theoretically, if you plan for the construction project during pre-control action plan developed by the more careful consideration, a matter of self-control is stronger, more rigorous monitoring to achieve quality targets, the less likely large. The ideal situation is to hope that the work activities to achieve But to achieve this level and quality of management ability is not easy to form, even if the persistent efforts, there may be individual processes or sub-segment of the construction quality will be deviation, it is because the process in operation there will inevitably Some plans unpredictable factors, including system factors and accidental factors.
after the construction project quality control, embodied in all aspects of construction quality control inspection.
system control over the three links are not isolated and separate from, and they constitute the organic system between the process, in essence, is the quality management PDCA cycle specific, and in each cycle of constantly scrolling improve the quality of management and quality control to achieve continuous improvement.
(d) construction project quality control factors
construction project quality factors, mainly refers to the quality goals in the construction project planning, decision making and implementation process of various objective and subjective factors, including human factors, technical factors, management, environment factors and social factors.
one, the human factor: the human factor on the formation of the construction project quality impacts, including two meanings: First, the direct commitment to the construction project quality function of the decision-makers, managers and operators quality awareness and quality of the individual activity; the second refers to undertake construction project planning, decision-making or implementation of the construction unit, survey and design units, consulting services, project contracting companies and other entities organizations. The former is an individual person, which is a group of people. Qualification of the implementation of construction business management system, market access system, registration system qualification, operation and management of the system of certificates, in essence, is engaged in construction activities on the quality and ability of people to make the necessary control. In addition, the , undocumented construction and so on, fundamentally speaking people but also to prevent loss of control resulting qualification or qualifications of the quality of capacity out of control.
Second, technical factors: the quality of construction projects the technical factors involved are very broad, including direct and supporting engineering production technology, the former technology, such as engineering survey, design technology, construction technology, materials technology and so on, which such as engineering inspection and testing technology, experimental technology. Advanced construction technology degree is in general a certain period depends on the country's economic development and technological level, depending on the construction and related industries technological progress. For specific construction projects, mainly through the technical work of the organization and management, optimization of technical solutions, technical factors play a construction project on the role of quality assurance.
three management factors: the quality of construction project management factors, the main decision-making and organizational factors. Among them, the decision factors are the owner of the first construction project decision-making, followed by the construction project implementation process, the technical implementation of the main decision-making and management decisions. Practice has proved that, without resources, feasibility studies, market demand, blind construction, redundant construction, can not be put into production after the completion of use, formed without use of qualified construction products, and fundamentally is a great waste of social resources do not have the quality the applicability of features. The same blind pursuit of high standards, the lack of quality of economic considerations in decision-making, but also quality of the project will adversely affect the formation.
management factors in the organizational factors, including the implementation of construction project management organization and task organization. Management organization refers to the construction project management organizational structure, management system and operation mechanism of the organic make up the management and organizational model, and its operation of the various management functions, directly affect the construction project goals. Task organization refers to the task of construction project and its goals to break it down, contract, commission; and tasks for the implementation of the plan, command, coordination, inspection and supervision and a series of works. Quality control of construction project from the perspective of construction project management organization system is sound, the implementation of the task is the organization of scientific and rational, objective quality control will undoubtedly have an important impact.
four environmental factors: a construction project of the decision-making, project and implementation of the economic, political, social, technical, and many other factors, by the project feasibility study, risk identification and management must take into account environmental factors. Quality control for construction projects, whether the construction project of a construction project is a sub-project, or the building itself is a separate project, construction projects as a direct impact on the quality of environmental factors, generally refers to construction projects the location of the hydrological, geological and meteorological and other natural environment; the construction site of the ventilation, lighting, safety and health protection facilities, labor work environment; and by the multi-unit, multi-disciplinary management of cross-synergy between the construction, organization and coordination methods, quality control systems, etc. constitute the management of the environment. Understanding of these environmental conditions and grasp, is to ensure the quality of construction projects to work part of China.
five social factors: the quality of construction projects and social factors, and in the construction of the robustness of the laws and regulations and their enforcement; corporation or the owners of construction projects and construction projects rationalization of the operator's business philosophy ; construction market, including construction engineering and construction market degree of development of factor markets and trading behavior of the extent of regulation; the Government's management of project quality supervision and industry maturity; the development and construction consulting services to improve the standard of service; clean government and Style Construction of the status.
must be noted that, as a construction project managers, system knowledge and thinking not only of the above factors on the quality of construction projects and laws of formation, but also to distinguish between quality control for construction projects, which are controllable factors, which are not controllable factors. Understandably, people, technology, management and environmental factors, for the construction project is in terms of controllable factors; social factors present in the system construction project, the general case for the construction project managers, are not controllable factors, but through their own efforts, seeks profit as possible to the disadvantages.
Construction Project Quality Control
construction project construction quality control, has two meanings. First, the construction work on the project construction quality control contracting business, including the total package, sub, integrated and professional construction quality control; second refers to the construction phase of the generalized quality control of construction projects, which in addition to the Contractor construction quality control, including owners, design units, quality supervision and supervision units and government agencies in the construction phase of the construction project supervision and construction quality of the implementation of the management and control functions. Therefore, from the perspective of construction project management, construction quality control should be a comprehensive understanding of the meaning, and mastery of the construction phase construction project quality control objectives and control task, the construction quality plan, the construction process, factors of production and quality control operations familiar with the main way to control the construction quality.
(a) of the control objectives of the quality control of the construction phase: 1, the construction phase of the mission objectives of quality control: quality control of construction work on the project overall objective is to achieve decision-making by the construction project, design documents and construction contracts The decision is expected to use the features and quality standards. Although the construction units, design units, construction units, supply units and supervision institutions, quality control during the construction phase of the status and tasks of different goals, but the construction project management point of view, are committed to total quality of construction projects objectives. Therefore, the construction quality control objectives, the specific expression as follows. ①, the construction unit of the control objectives: the construction unit in the construction phase, through the whole construction process, quality control and overall management, coordination and decision-making, investment decisions to ensure that completed projects meet established quality standards. ②, design unit control objectives: the design units in the construction phase, through the construction of key projects and important part of construction quality inspection visa, design change control and correct the construction found in the design, the adoption of reasonable suggestions to change the design to ensure the completion of result of the construction of the project design document (including changed files) required by the quality standards. ③, the construction unit of the control objectives: the construction unit, including construction and sub-units of the total package as a construction product manufacturers and operators, the task of construction contract should be based on the scope and quality requirements, through the whole process, comprehensive construction quality controlled ensure that the final delivery of the construction contract and design documents to meet specified quality standards (including construction quality excellence requires) the construction of engineering products. China's ④, supply unit control objectives: building materials, equipment, structure and other accompanying parts suppliers, the contract shall be in accordance with the procurement standards of quality suppliers to provide goods and quality assurance, testing and inspection documents, product specifications and instructions, and other the necessary data and information, and responsible for the quality of their products. ⑤, supervision units control objectives: construction supervision units in the construction phase, the quality of approved construction documents, reports, statements and take the scene next to the station, inspection, testing and other forms of parallel construction quality supervision; and apply the construction of command and control of settlement and payment and other means to monitor the quality of the construction activities of contractors to conduct, coordinate construction of relations, the right to perform on the construction quality of the oversight responsibility to ensure the quality of the project to the construction contract and design documents required quality standards. China's
automatic control and monitoring of construction quality system processes are complementary. Controls the quality of the main body awareness and ability is the key determining factor is the quality of construction; the monitoring carried out by the construction of the main quality control is to promote self-control behavior and constraints. Therefore, the principal must be controlled and monitored correctly handle the relationship between self-control, self-control at the same time is committed to quality of construction, must also be accepted from the owners, supervision and other aspects of behavior and the results of its quality monitoring carried out by management, including quality inspection, evaluation and acceptance . However, as the principal can not be controlled because the control of the main functions of the existence and implementation of monitoring to reduce or waive the responsibility for quality. 2, the construction phase of the basic method of quality control: In the long practice of building construction, construction quality control and the basic method can be summarized as self-control and a combination of supervision and control, advance pre-control and a combination of things in the way of control, Dynamic Tracking and a combination of error correction control, and integrated application of these methods.
(b), the preparation of project construction quality control method: According to GB/T19000 quality management system standard, quality plan is a quality management system, the composition of the contents of the file. Quality program under contract to customers that the enterprise quality management policy, objectives and their implementation methods, means and measures, reflecting the company's commitment to quality and implementation of the responsibility of specific steps.
a construction quality plan and scope of the main
Construction Project task organization, regardless of the owner or by the total sub-parallel way on contract, will participate in the main parties involved in the quality of responsibility. That is the direct production process of building products, is conducted in a collaborative manner, therefore, the project quality control system implemented in accordance with who, who is responsible for the principle, clearly constitutes the main body of construction quality control and their respective control . ①, the main construction quality plan: self-control construction quality plan should be subject to the preparation of the construction contracting business. On contract in the parallel mode, a contractor should be the quality of the preparation of construction plans, respectively; in the total sub-mode, the general contractor construction contractor shall prepare the scope of the construction quality plans, the preparation of the corresponding sub-sub-unit range of construction quality plan, as a construction general contractor plans to deepen the quality and composition. Construction general contractor has the responsibility of each sub-project construction quality to guide the preparation and review, and undertake the construction quality of the corresponding joint and several liability. ②, the scope of the construction quality plan: the scope of construction quality planning, quality control from the requirements of the project, construction and installation works should be the scope of the task is consistent, in order to ensure the project construction and installation works by the overall quality of control; on the specific tasks contracted solely for the purposes of construction, the scope of the construction quality plan, should be able to meet their responsibility for quality performance of construction contract requirements. Construction quality construction project plans should be in the construction process, control organization, control measures, control methods, the formation of an organic quality planning system to ensure the project quality goals and objectives of the decomposition of the control.
Second, the current construction methods and content quality plan: quality plan is the quality of a quality management system standard terminology and functions, in construction enterprise quality management system, the construction project quality plan called for the object quality plan for construction.
(a) The construction quality plan the way: At present, China has established quality management system in addition to some construction companies directly by way of the construction quality plan, the usually widespread use of project construction design or construction project management, quality plan included the implementation of planning the content. Therefore, the current plan has three in construction quality: 1, the project construction quality program; 2, the project construction design (including construction quality plan); 3, construction project management implementation plan (including construction quality plan).
construction design or construction project management, implementation planning program has been able to play the role of construction quality, this is because, according to the production of technical and economic characteristics of buildings, each project is the construction of the production process requires organization and planning including construction quality, schedule, cost, safety, goal setting, planning and control measures for the control arrangements. Therefore, the construction quality plan required by the content, of course, be included in the construction design or project management implementation plan, but also fully embodies the goal of construction project management (quality, duration, cost, safety) of the relevance, constraints and overall sex, this is also the idea of total quality management approach is consistent.
(b) construction quality plan's basic elements: the quality management system has been established in the case of a comprehensive quality plan must reflect the content and implementation of quality management system documentation requirements (also refer to the quality system documents the relevant provisions), programming,Discount UGG boots, content and preparation of the basis to meet the requirements, combined with the characteristics of this project, the preparation of quality plan in the special management requirements. The basic content of the construction quality plan should cover: 1,Bailey UGG boots, Engineering and Construction Conditions of characteristics (conditions of contract, regulations, conditions and field conditions); 2, Quality and Decomposition of the total target goals; 3, quality management, organizational structure and responsibilities, personnel and resource allocation plan; 4, construction technology and operating methods to determine the technical solution and construction process of the task organization program; 5, construction materials, equipment, materials, and other quality management and control measures; 6, the construction quality inspection, testing, testing work plan arrangements and their implementation methods and acceptance criteria; 7, the construction quality control points and the tracking control method and requirements; 8, the record requirements.
Third, the construction quality plan approval process and implementation: the quality of the construction unit of the project construction plans or construction design documents compiled, it should be in accordance with the construction management program approval, including approval and construction projects within the enterprise supervisory bodies for approval.
(a) the approval of the enterprise: the construction unit of the project construction organization design or construction quality plan preparation and approval procedures should be based on quality management documents and processes required permissions. Is usually prepared by the auspices of the Ministry project manager, including approval of organization management and supervisory agencies approved the project submitted to confirm.
construction quality plan or construction design document approval process, is the construction of independent technical decision-making and management decision-making process, but also play corporate functions and construction project management team, the wisdom and experiences.
(b) of the supervising engineer of the review: implementation of the project supervision of the construction project, our construction project management in accordance with the provisions of the construction contractors must fill out the design (plan), submitted to the supervisory bodies to review the project. Specification project supervision institutions unit.
(c) approval of the relationship between principles: proper implementation of construction quality plan approval process, is the proper understanding of project quality objectives and requirements, to ensure the construction deployment, technology and process solutions and the rational organization and management measures, advanced and an important part of economy, quality of construction is to advance the importance of pre-control method. Therefore, in the implementation of the approval process, you must correctly handle the internal approval and supervision of construction engineers, the relationship between approval of its basic principles are as follows: 1, the full play of the quality control of the main subject and controlled the joint action, while adhering to project quality standards and quality control contractor under the premise of the interests and properly handle the relationship between project stakeholders; construction enterprise carrying out project approval to first consider the perspective of contract, review the quality of the contract is reasonable and feasible goals, project quality plan provides confidence to the Employer. 2, the construction quality plan in the approval process, the supervising engineer review the recommendations of the hope, whether to adopt the views of requirements and the extent of adoption, shall be responsible for the quality of the construction unit planning autonomous decision-making. Relevant laws and regulations in meeting the requirements of the contract and the circumstances, determine the quality adjustments to the plan, modify and optimize, and assume the responsibility of the corresponding results of the implementation. 3, after examination and approval procedures according to the provisions of the construction quality plan, the conditions in the implementation process as a result of changes in some important decisions need to be modified, the modifications should follow the appropriate procedures for implementation after approval.
four points of the set construction quality control and management: Construction Quality Control Points program is an important component construction quality content. Construction quality control of construction quality control point is the focus, the right key technologies, important parts, difficult to control, impact, lack of experience in the construction of content and new materials, new technologies, new processes, new equipment, etc., can be classified as Zhiliang control point, the implementation of key control.
(a) the quality control point settings: settings for construction quality control, project construction management in accordance with the basic procedures, combined with characteristics of the project, the overall quality in the development of the project plan, sets out the basic construction the level of overall quality and impact of local projects, as a specific implementation of quality control points. Such as high-rise building construction quality management, excavation and foundation treatment, engineering survey and settlement observation of mass reinforced concrete construction, waterproof and drainage works, steel production, welding and testing, large equipment and related sub-segment of lifting projects must focus on controlling the content or parts can be classified as quality control points. Another example of functional testing in the engineering control procedures, you can set up the building (structure) mine detection, fire detection system debugging, ventilation system debugging testing, commissioning testing, and other special intelligent system of quality control points. Works with the new materials, new technologies, new processes, new equipment for a specific implementation plan, technical standards, material requirements, quality inspection measures must also be included in the special quality control points.
set by quality control points, quality control objectives and priorities can be more clarity. Advance the quality of pre-control measures will be more clear.
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