Desertification Control Engineering
a test database, fill in the blank
1. According to the results of the 2004 survey, the area of desertification in China () km2.
2. Mechanical composition of the desert sand to ()-based , mineral composition is mainly ()
nutrients most lacking is ().
3. wetness index is () and () ratio.
4. steppe in northern China's and ().
7. sandstorm area of protective forest system includes (
8. World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought is ().
9. signed, ) four types.
11. China's four sand is (
12. China's desert is eight (
13. China's desert regions are areas of soil (three. < br> 14. of precipitation in arid regions around the () mmm () mm between,
precipitation in semi-arid regions around the () mmm () mm between.
15. in the soil particles grade division, coarse, medium sand, silt and clay ranges
diameter of (mm.
16. The world has many countries, the distribution of the desert, the Thar Desert in () and () ,
Chihuahuan Desert in (), Simpson Desert in ().
17. desertification is included () and () the role of various factors, including the causes and development under
.
18. China, the main types of desertification, including (
and ().
19. salinization causes of desertification include (and ().
20. the sand along the ground to start moving more than necessary The minimum wind speed is called ().
21. threshold wind velocity and sand size (), sand layer () and ()
and other factors.
22. wind effects on soil physical processes, including the (), (), and ()
3 a process.
23. in the wind under the effect of wind movement of soil and sand material, the movement pattern with (), () and () 3 forms.
24. sand flow of sand is the main movement pattern ().
25. sand flow depends on movement pattern of sand () and ().
26. removal of soil particles by wind distance depends on (), (), and ().
27. the general direction of sand dune movement and sand wind () was virtually the same.
28. dune movement methods include (), () and ().
29. dune depends on the speed of movement () and ().
30. () Desertification in the formation of the main forces, but is a dynamic force shaping the desert surface.
31. Mobile dune plants on the wind erosion, sand burial adaptation features include (and ().
32. dune type more, please write any of the four:
33. water to wash the minimum flow rate of sediment movement to promote , called ().
34. the role of water on the surface sediment processes include (), (), and () the role of the process.
35. the formation of saline soil conditions are (and ().
39. Basic measures include fixing plants (and ().
40. according to fertility status of sandy, sandy site conditions can be divided into (), (), and () 3 grades.
41. hillslope soil and water conservation include (), (), and ().
42. mountain hydrological network, including shelter erosion channel () and ().
43. salt-tolerant plant selection principle including (and ().
44. Give 3 salt-tolerant plants (), (), and ().
45. mechanical sand barriers and the principle set by different methods can be divided into () and () 2 categories.
46. tiled sand barrier set by different methods can be divided into () and ().
47. vertical sand barrier can be divided by height (), (), and ().
48. vertical sand barrier can be classified according to ventilate degrees (), (), and () 3 structure type.
49. sand barrier should be set with the main wind direction ().
50. water-saving irrigation methods include (), (), and ().
51. desertified areas of water sources and their presence can be divided into (), () and () 3 parts.
52 . preliminary estimates of groundwater reserves of desert regions in China () million m3.
53. desertification area contains abundant renewable resources, including (), (), and ().
54. The main use of solar energy way (), (), and ().
55. desertification, the basic procedures for investigation, including (and ().
56. the world's largest desert is ().
57. China's largest desert is ().
58. sandstorm driven by ().
59. sandstorms winds stirring up the ground is sand, to make the air pollution, the level of visibility is less than () the severe weather phenomena.
60. engineering technology is mainly sand control methods include: and ().
61. 3 Give appropriate anti-desertification of arid zone plants (), (), and ().
62. test give three kinds of anti-desertification of semiarid plant fitness (), (), and ().
63. Give 3 sand (hill) to afforestation method (
64. semi-desert Sandy Area in the construction of the railway protection system model, including (and ().
65. wind flow is with () the movement flow.
66. sediment transport rate is by unit of time () of the sediment. < br> 67. desertification is (the place.
68. Desert is located in the arid area is (), the land covered.
69. Simply put, desertification refers to the desert () and () is process.
70. all the wind speed is greater than start-called ().
71. surface roughness is the average wind speed is close to the ground () high.
72. In order to adapt to arid environments, plants have The morphological structure of xerophytic include (and ().
73. desertification is climate change and human activities, including a variety of factors, including arid, semi arid and dry sub-humid areas () phenomenon.
74. () is the main reason for grassland degradation.
75. sandstorm area, including the type (and ().
76. desert cause theory include (and ().
77. Sand water-saving techniques include (and ().
78. causes of wind erosion (sandy) desertification, natural and man-made causes include (and ().
79. aerial seeding should be selected with (),() , () and () features the species.
80. The role of plants on the principle of shifting sand environment include (and ().
81. desertification assessment, put it simply is on the distribution in the arid, semi-arid and sub-humid areas () for the type and extent of the division of the classification and grading.
82. airflow in the sediment transport in the transport layer distribution with height is called ().
83. write 5 out of desert sand typical of plants (
84. China's natural and geographical conditions of the desert formed mainly (and ().
85. railway damage is mainly sand (), (), and (). < br> 86. Mechanical sand barrier materials include (and ().
87. usually () and () is called a sand barrier than the porosity.
88. sand barrier is the main configurations () and ().
89. Land degradation in performance in the wind (and () and so on.
90. desertified areas in China's climate has (such as.
91. desertified areas of vegetation, including (), ( ).
92. desertification hazards are (such as.
93. wind erosion desertification wind erosion, to keep the soil and small particles are (caused by surface dust events occurred as the main indicator of land degradation.
94. on crop growth of harmful soluble salts in the soil accumulated over a certain limit, the normal growth of crop damage to the soil is called ().
95. (), () and () is a direct result of land desertification human activities.
96. () in the Loess Plateau and other areas with land degradation, mainly due to fluctuations.
97. () is the secondary salinization of arable land caused the direct cause.
98. airflow in the handling of the () in the transport layer with the () is called the distribution of sand flow structure.
99. desertification control project is in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas, for the treatment and prevention of () taken various engineering, biological, agricultural and technical measures and means comprehensive.
100. According to United Nations Environment Programme estimated that the global land area () affected by desertification hazards.
101. China is likely to occur geographical scope of desertification, that humid index () in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas.
102. refers to prairie hardy perennial xerophytic () as the main component of the plant.
103. In various types of desertification in China, the largest area of land is ().
104. () is a special type of desertification, in addition to China, other countries and regions are rare.
105. salinization desertification is ( ) due to land degradation, desertification is an important type.
106. to () as the main forces, but due to () is called the Wind Erosion and Desertification.
107. serious wind erosion must have the basic conditions () and ().
108. wind erosion include () and () 2 ways.
109. capacity depends primarily on soil resistance to wind erosion (), (), and ().
110. in a different texture of the soil () and () is the most likely to be wind erosion of soil.
111. () is to reduce wind erosion of the most effective way.
112. the accumulation of salts in the soil formation () in is called ().
113. () and so is a major component of sand crust ingredients.
114. create a bit of mixed sand fixation include increased (), raise ().
115. in natural conditions poor regions, () is the main measures Sand.
116. () that is adjacent to the distance between the two sand barriers.
117. () means the application of aerodynamics, using a variety of measures, reduce the roughness, the wind strong, reducing the amount of sand to make sand flow in unsaturated, or surface erosion caused by sand moving around a sand control method.
118. () is the power of water, in accordance with the need to sand for transport, elimination of sand damage to transform the use of a method of the desert.
119. slope protection works include (), (), and () 3 types.
120. field engineering including () and () 2 types.
121. gully works include a fixed (and (), and other types.
122. () is the agricultural production, rural economic development and ecological environmental management and protection, resource training and efficient use of the new integrated system of farming and agriculture.
123. desertification causes according to geographical location and distribution can be divided into (), (), and () three basic types.
124. dune movement and (and other factors.
125. dune depends on the speed () and (), but also (and () and other relevant.
126. under the action of the wind, sand from the dune windward slope is () , in the leeward ().
127. In practice, usually (and other methods, in order to achieve the speed of moving sand dunes in all regions.
128. on the sand desert plants adapt to environmental activities mainly through sexual () and ().
Second, the short answer questions
1. The definition of desertification
2. desertification control project type
3. in the social process of sustainable development, desertification control project tasks and significance of
4. by technological progress to establish sustainable development in desertified areas of ecological and economic system, the method
5. Causes of Desertification
6. the type of desertification
7. of the geographical scope of desertification
8. desertification of the region's climate features
9. desertified areas of landscape features
10. desertified areas of water features
11. desertified areas Flora features
12. desertified areas The main soil types
13. desertification hazards
14. Starting wind speed and factors
15. influence wind erosion factors
16. sand flow structure
17. wind erosion and land degradation relationship
18. wind erosion desertification control the basic principles of
19. plants on the role of environmental principles quicksand
20. Soil salinization and its causes
21.'s adaptation of desert plants
22. semi-desert sandstorm area, the construction of the railway protection system model
23. sandstorm area, the main types of protection forest system
24. Sand (hill) to forest is the main method
25. aerial seeding grass and sand attention to technical problems
26. sandstorm area planting principles of general configuration
27. Mechanical sand barrier type and principle of
28. salinization desertification control measures mainly
29. SANDY REGION the meaning of agriculture
30. agro-ecosystem relationship between industrial structure
31. agro-ecosystem functions
32. ecological agriculture technology model
33. desertified areas of the types and characteristics of water < br> 34. desertification, water resources rational use of technology
35. desertification, water resources development in the region should pay attention to environmental issues
36. desert type of alternative energy and development approach
37. fuelwood Note created
38. China's solar energy resource-rich area
39. our abundant wind energy resources area
40. wind energy development and utilization methods
41. desertification, the significance of regional promotion of biogas technology
42. desertification monitoring object, scope and content of
three essay questions
1. discusses the characteristics of the natural environment in desertification areas
2. discusses the causes of desertification
3. discusses the types of land desertification in China, area and Distribution
4. discusses the dangers of desertification
5. discusses prevention and control of wind erosion desertification wind physics
6. discusses prevention and control of wind erosion desertification, ecological principle
7. discusses basic prevention and treatment of saline desert Principle
8. discusses the meaning Aerial Seeding in the key technical issues must be resolved
9. discusses measures of plant sand fixation system and layout
10. discusses the type of wind protection forest system
11. discusses the dunes (to) the main method of afforestation
12. expositions of land desertification in saline vegetation construction technology
13. discusses the erosion of sandy desertification (Desertification) of the Engineering Control Technology
14. discusses erosion prevention and control of desertification engineering technology < br> 15. discusses the salt works of desertification prevention and control technology
16. discusses the desertification prevention technology road mine
17. discusses the rational use of water resources desertification technology
18. desertified areas discussed in the development of alternative energy technologies < br> 19. discusses the sub-humid, semi-arid, drought, desertification control regions typical pattern
20. expositions of methods and techniques for desertification monitoring system
21. discusses the effectiveness of desertification control project evaluation
22. expositions anti-desertification measures and the practice of engineering measures plant their own advantages and application conditions
23. explain your views on the treatment and utilization of desert
br> 1. According to the results of the 2004 survey, the area of desertification in China (262.63) km2.
2. mechanical composition of sand in the desert (sand)-based, mineral composition is mainly (quartz),
the lack of nutritional elements (N N).
3. wetness index is the (average annual rainfall) and (soil potential evapotranspiration) ratio.
4. grasslands of northern China of three.
6. desertification area is generated by climate (arid zone), (semi-arid) and (sub-arid areas Run).
7. sandstorm area of protective forest system includes (farmland), ( pasture protection forests), (Forest Green
Island), (Forest Road).
8. World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought is (June 17).
9. 1994), signed in Paris, (sandy desert), (gravel desert), (saline desert) of four types.
11. China's four sand is (Hunshandake), (Mu Us Desert), ( Horqin Sandy), (Hulunbeier sand).
12. China's desert is eight (Taklimakan Desert), (Gurbantunggut Desert), (Kumtag Desert), (Qaidam Basin Desert) , (Badan Jaran Desert), (Tengger Desert), (Ulan Buh Desert), (Kubuqi).
13. China's desert regions are areas of soil (brown desert soil), (gray desert soil), (gray-brown desert soil) of three.
14. of precipitation in arid regions around the (100) mmm (250) mm between the precipitation in semi-arid regions around the (250) mmm (400) mm between.
15. in the division of soil grain size, coarse, medium sand, silt and clay in the diameter range was (0.5-1.0), (0.25-0.5), (0.01-0.05), (<0.01) mm.
16. The world has many countries, the distribution of the desert, the Thar Desert in (India) and (Pakistan
Tanzania), in the Chihuahuan Desert (Mexico), in the Simpson Desert (Australia).
17. desertification is included (climate change) and (human)
many factors, including the causes and development under the.
18. China, the main types of desertification include: (wind erosion, desertification), (water erosion, desertification),
(freeze-thaw desertification) and (salted desertification).
19. salinization include the causes of desertification (climate), ( poor drainage), (high water table)
and (irrational irrigation).
20. the sand along the ground to start moving more than the minimum wind speed required is called (starting speed).
21 . starting velocity and sand size (particle size), sand (topsoil moisture conditions) and
(surface roughness), and other factors.
22. wind action process, including soil material (separated ), (Handling) and (deposition) 3
a process.
23. in the wind under the effect of wind movement of soil and sand material, the movement pattern with (suspended), (saltation) and (creep shift) 3 forms.
24. sand flow of sand is the main movement pattern (saltation).
25. sand flow depends on movement pattern of sand (wind strength) and (moving particles
particle size).
26. soil particles depends on the distance from transport by wind (wind speed size), (soil particles or aggregates of the size and weight), and (surface condition).
27 . the general direction of moving sand dunes and sand the wind (direction of synthesis) was virtually the same.
28. sand dune movement, including the way (forward type), (reciprocating forward-type) and (reciprocating).
29. dune depends on the speed of movement (wind speed) and (the height of sand dunes).
30. (strong wind) the formation of the main forces, but desertification is a dynamic force shaping the desert surface.
31. Mobile dune plants on the wind erosion, sand burial of the adaptive characteristics, including (fast type), (stable), (select type) and (a variety of reproduction-type).
32. dune type more, please write any of four Species: (crescent), (pyramid), (Grid), (feather). (dome-shaped, ridge-like, nest-shaped beam).
33. water to wash the minimum flow rate of sediment movement to promote , called (starting velocity / critical velocity).
34. the role of water on the surface sediment process involves (stripping), (Handling) and (accumulation) effect of the process.
35. the formation of saline soil conditions are mainly Yes (material source), (terrain), (hydrological conditions), (weather conditions), (biological condition) and (human factors).
36. China are mainly distributed in saline soil (dry), (semi-arid) and (sub-humid dry areas).
37. salinization control principles, including (control Yanyuan), (to eliminate excess salt), (regulation of salt), (conversion salts) and (adaptation of planting).
38. aerial seeding is characterized by (fast), (less labor), (low cost) and (effective).
39. Basic measures include fixing plants (live sand), (Seeding sand), (sand forest cutting) and (sand crust sand).
40. by Sandy fertility, sandy site conditions can be divided into (barren sand), (more barren sand) and ( the more fertile sandy) 3 grades.
41. hillslope soil and water conservation include (slope soil and water conservation timber), (slope firewood) and (composite wood slope forest).
42. mountain hydrology network, including erosion channel shelterbelt (soil erosion channel shelter) and (rocky mountain trench shelter).
43. salt-tolerant plants, including the selection principle (strong salt), (drought waterlogging capacity) , (easy to breed, grow fast) and (high cost).
44. Give three kinds of salt-tolerant plants (Populus), (Haloxylon) and (Tamarix).
45. Mechanical sand barrier at principles and set the different methods can be divided into (tiled sand barrier) and (vertical sand barrier) 2 categories.
46. tiled sand barrier set by different methods can be divided into (ribbon laying type) and (full roll-type).
47. vertical sand barrier can be divided by height (high vertical sand barrier), (low vertical sand barriers) and (concealed sand barrier).
48. Vertical degree of sand barriers can be divided by venting (venting type), (close type) and (not to take the air type) 3 structure type.
49. sand barrier should be set with the main wind direction (vertical), usually in the dunes windward setting.
50. water-saving irrigation methods include (drip irrigation), (irrigation) and (irrigation).
51. desertified areas of water sources and their presence can be divided into (surface water ), (groundwater) and (precipitation) 3 parts.
52. preliminary estimates of groundwater reserves of desert regions in China (1300) billion m3.
53. desertification area contains abundant renewable resources, mainly including the (solar), (wind) and (methane).
54. solar energy is the main way (cookers), (solar water heaters) and (solar building).
55. desertification, the basic procedures including investigation (preparation), (field investigation), (consolidation within the industry) and (report writing).
56. the world's largest desert (Sahara).
57. China's largest desert (the Taklamakan desert).
58. sandstorm is the driving force (the wind).
59. Sandstorm is a lot of strong winds rolled up dust from the ground, the air pollution, the level of visibility is less than (100m) of the severe weather phenomena.
60. engineering technology is mainly sand control methods include: (Mechanical sand barrier sand), (chemical fixation), (water sand control) and (Wind Sand).
61. Give three arid region of China suitable sand prevention and control plants (Haloxylon), (Populus) and (Tamarix). (Calligonum, Elaeagnus angustifolia).
62. Give the three anti-desertification of semiarid plants suitable (Caragana), (Salix) and (scoparium). (Pinus sylvestris, Yang Chai, Artemisia).
63. Give 3 sand (mound) of afforestation methods (after pulling the front planting method), (expel sand Teng afforestation method), (leeward tall forest). (drilling depth PLANTING, deep planting seedlings of cutting too deeply and long-forestation, afforestation series of technology).
64. Semi-desert sandy areas the construction of the railway protection system model, including (fire with sand), (irrigated plantation belt), (grass plants with impaired), (Frontier sand resistance band) and the (sealed with sand and grass).
65. wind flow is contained (sand) and air movement.
66. sediment transport rate is by unit of time (section per unit width) of the sediment.
67. desertification means (dry climate), (precipitation scarce), (evaporation), (vegetation-poor) areas.
68. Desert is located in the arid area is (of sand) of land covered.
69. Simply put, desertification refers to the desert the (formation) and (expansion) process.
70. all the wind speed is greater than starting called (from the sand the wind).
71. surface roughness is the average wind speed is close to the ground (0) high .
72. In order to adapt to arid environment, plant morphology produced mainly xerophytic (succulent xerophytic structure), (hard leaf xerophytic structure), (lobular or non-xerophytic leaf structure) and (soft leaves of xerophytic structure).
73. desertification is climate change and human activities, including a variety of factors, including arid, semi arid and dry sub-humid areas (land degradation) phenomenon.
74. (over-grazing) grassland degradation is the main reason.
75. sandstorm area include the type of (Desert), (Gobi), (modern alluvial sand) and (coastal sand).
76. desert theory causes include (sea origin theory), (river origin theory), (theory of continental origin), (climate cycle hypothesis) and (Landscape reasonable deployment), (irrigation), (drip irrigation), (irrigation) and (rainwater use).
78. causes of wind erosion (Sandy) of natural and man-made desertification causes include (dry climate), ( strong winds), (abundant sand material) and (bare ground).
79. aerial seeding should be chosen with (easy to germinate), (growing fast), (root depth) and (strong resistance) characteristics plant species.
80. The role of plants on the principle of shifting sand environment include (sand effect), (resistance and sediment), (to improve the micro-climate effect) and (the improving effect of sand).
81. desertification evaluation , Simply put that on found in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas (degraded land) for the type and extent of the division of the classification and grading.
82. airflow in the handling of the sediment in the transport layer with distribution of height is called (sand flow structure).
83. to write the typical desert 5 desert plants (Salix), (Artemisia), (Caragana), (Yang Chai), (shuttle shuttle). (Calligonum, Shami, sand reed, flower sticks)
84. China's natural and geographical conditions of the formation of the desert include (drought), (secluded inland), (rich in sand material), ( Siberian cold high impact) and (mountain barrier).
85. railway damage is mainly sand (wind erosion embankment), (sand line) and (abrasion equipment).
86. Mechanical sand barrier materials include (Chai ), (grass), (branch), (clay), (gravel) and (lath).
87. usually (sand barrier pore size), and (the total area of sand barrier) is called a sand barrier than the pore degree.
88. sand barrier is the main configuration form (determinant) and (shape type).
89. Land degradation manifested in the erosion (soil loss), (changes in soil texture), (nutrient loss) , (lower productivity) and (abrasion) and so on.
90. desertified areas in China have climatic characteristics (dry climate), (wind, sand and more), (sunshine), (hot and cold drastic changes) and so on.
91. desertified areas in China, including the vegetation (temperate grassland vegetation), (temperate desert vegetation).
92. desertification hazards are (land degradation), (degradation of biological communities), (climate change), (Hydrological deterioration), (environmental pollution) and (destruction of living facilities and construction), etc..
93. wind erosion desertification wind erosion, to keep the soil and small particles are (stripped), (transportation), (deposition) , (abrasion), resulting in surface dust events occurred as the main indicator of land degradation.
94. on crop growth of harmful soluble salts in the soil accumulated over a certain limit, the normal growth of crop damage to the soil as (saline / alkaline soil).
95. (firewood mining), (digging Chinese herbal medicine) and (deforestation) is a direct result of human activities, land desertification.
96. (steep slope plow) is Loess Plateau and other areas with land degradation, mainly due to fluctuations.
97. (unreasonable irrigation) is the secondary salinization of arable land caused by the direct cause.
98. airflow handling (sediment) in the transport layer in with the (height) of the distribution of flow structure known as the sand.
99. desertification control project is in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas, for the treatment and prevention (desertification) to take a variety of projects, biological, agricultural and technical measures and means comprehensive.
100. According to United Nations Environment Programme estimated that the global land area (1 / 4) affected by desertification hazards.
101. desertification may occur in China geographical scope, the humid index (0.05-0.65) in the arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas.
102. refers to prairie hardy xerophytic perennial (herbaceous vegetation) dominated the composition of plant communities.
103. desertification in China, all types is the largest area of land (wind erosion desertification).
104. (freeze-thaw desertification) is a special type of desertification, in addition to China, other countries and regions are rare.
105. salinization desertification is (chemical) caused by land degradation, desertification is an important type.
106. to (wind) as the main forces, but due to (land degradation) is called the Wind Erosion and Desertification.
107. serious wind erosion must have the basic conditions (strong wind), and (dry, loose soil).
108. wind erosion include (wind erosion) and (abrasion) 2 ways.
109 . capacity depends primarily on soil resistance to wind erosion (soil quality), (soil texture) and (soil organic matter content).
110. in different soil texture (sand) and (clay) is the most likely to be erosion of the soil.
111. (increased ground vegetation cover) is to reduce wind erosion of the most effective way.
112. the accumulation of salts in the soil formation (saline soil) is called (saline). 113. (low bio-algae) and other sand crust is the main component.
114. establish fixing a bit mixed, including increased (surface coverage and roughness), increased (fixing effect and stand stability ).
115. In areas with harsh natural conditions, (Mechanical sand barrier) is the primary sand control measures.
116. (sand barrier spacing) that is adjacent to the distance between the two sand barriers.
117 (wind sand control) means the application of aerodynamics, using a variety of measures to reduce the roughness, the wind strong, reducing the amount of sand to make sand flow in unsaturated, or surface erosion caused by sand moving around a sand control method .
118. (hydraulic la) is the power of water as needed to transport the sand to remove sand disaster to transform the use of a method of the desert.
119. slope protection works include (the slope constant engineering ),...
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